`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death `` - 1229 Words

Everyone will die one day. It is a true, but unpleasant fact. Since death is therefore universal, it is easy to understand why a theme of death occurs so often in films and literature. Poetry is no exception to this trend. Poetry is filled with references to death or dying, as death is one of the most significant human conditions. A number of poets in particular have used death frequently in their writing. Emily Dickinson and Dylan Thomas are two of those poets. Emily Dickinson was born in 1830 and lived in Massachusetts. Much of her work had strong themes of death and it is believed now that she was depressed. Her poetry consists mostly of slant rhyme or near rhyme, which is seen in her famous poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†. Dylan Thomas was born in 1914 and was from South Wales. He struggled with alcoholism for much of his life. When he wrote his famous poem â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night† his father was in the midst of a battle with cance r and it is believed the poem is about his father. These two poems both have a theme of death and explore human mortality, however each poet has a different approach to this theme. â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† explores the issue of death and human mortality as concepts not to be feared, but as ordinary occurrences. The poem is set in a quatrain with iambic meter. The speaker in this poem is recounting the day she died. This woman’s death is personified as a carriage driver, whom she refers to as Death. TheShow MoreRelated`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``880 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is an aspect of life that everyone becomes acquainted with sooner or later. The poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† by Emily Dickinson, is seen as a reflection of the passing of time in one s life while living. No one knows when it is their time to die, and we live everyday as if tomorrow it promised. Dickinson is saying that since we as humans tend to live on the expectation for tomorrow, we don t think about the end of our life or when it will be. That time will stand still whenRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop for Death1444 Words   |  6 PagesBecause I could not stop for Death In Emily Dickinsons poem Because I could not stop for Death the main theme seems to be the acceptance of Death. Emily gives reference to the theme by using death in the first line. The poem is unique and interesting because she presents Death in a different way by referring to it as an escort taking her on a journey towards eternity rather than making it seem like something frightening. Each stanza of the poem breaks down the journey through the stagesRead More`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``1354 Words   |  6 PagesBecause I could not stop for Death is one of the most puzzling poems Emily Dickinson wrote. â€Å"Scholars who stress these subversive qualities note that this poet appropriated conventional language, images, and themes and twisted them, disrupting their usual meaning.† (Dunlap, 2) In this poem, she describes death in hindsight. She commentates the experience play by play, chronicling her actions and vision from the time he arrived to pick her up i n his carriage to her final resting place. In theRead More`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``876 Words   |  4 Pages We cannot leave death of death can â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson has written in 1863. Emily Dickinson was born in 1830-86, she is one of the greatest poets in American literature. Dickinson wrote love poems which it indicates strong attachment because of this it s difficult to know if does poems where subjects of her feelings or just part of her poetic imagination. The different tension that comes from her work is due to the cause of not accepting orthodox religion, â€Å"theRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop for Death700 Words   |  3 PagesRead over Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson. 1. List as many examples of metaphors and similes as possible. The carriage, in stanza 1, is a metaphor for a hearse. When they â€Å"passed the setting sun† (12) it implies that she has finally died. When they â€Å"paused before a house that seemed / A swelling of the ground† (17-18), the word house is a metaphor for grave. 2. Explain the personification. In Emily Dickinsons poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†, death is personifiedRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop For Death1886 Words   |  8 PagesEvery major religion has an answer to what is expect in death. However, contrary to major religious beliefs the reality is that no one knows when death will come or exactly what death entails - because those that die cannot communicate with the living. This is precisely the issue that Emily Dickinson tackles in her poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†. The speaker begins by offering a sanguine outlook in the eyes of death, however, the speaker eventually rejects her initial optimism. DickinsonRead MoreAnalysis Of Because I Could Not Stop For Death963 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† and â€Å"The Bustle in a House† are two poems by Emily Dickinson that portray death in very different ways. â€Å" Because I Could Not Stop For Death† is written from the perspective of a woman who has recently died about her eternal journey with a kind Death. â€Å"The Bustle in a House,† on the other hand, is about how one reacts to the death of a loved one. Through these two poems, Dickinson employs literary devices such as personification and metaphor to portray two differentRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``870 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of death all ring loud and clear in Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†, Donne’s â€Å"Death, be not proud†, and Cherry’s â€Å"Alzheimer’s†. The poems are not explicitly about the act of dying, but death is personified or even foreshadowed in the work. Each piece has a different tone when referencing Death. Two of the poems reference Death by name, the last poem doesn’t specifically speak about dying or death per se, but based on the title, â€Å"Alzheimer’s†, it is clear that death is imm inentRead MoreAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death2013 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death The poets of the nineteenth century wrote on a variety of topics. One often used topic is that of death. The theme of death has been approached in many different ways. Emily Dickinson is one of the numerous poets who uses death as the subject of several of her poems. In her poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death, death is portrayed as a gentleman who comes to give the speaker a ride to eternity. Throughout the poem, Dickinson develops herRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop Death By Emily Dickinson989 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop Death† by Emily Dickinson is one of my favorite poems since high school. I chose this poem due to the fact that that Emily Dickinson is one of my favorite poets, I personally love her dark, and mysterious poems. Indeed, people believed she was a little messed up in the head, but I believe she was just misunderstood. Additionally, this poem definitely brought back terrifying memories. When couple years ago, I got into a horrible car accident with a drunk driver,

The Seductive Allure Of Neuroscience Explanations

The Seductive Allure of Neuroscience Explanations Deena Skolnick Weisberg, Frank C. Keil, Joshua Goodstein, Elizabeth Rawson, and Jeremy R. Gray Question We are always curious to understand the world we live in, and what happens around us and we often believe explanations of psychological phenomena that contains neuroscientific information without any doubt. The neuroscience information includes experiments, databases, and genetic resources. It is apparent that people seem to be more interested in explanations of psychological phenomena when it is enclosed with neuroscientific information. The study conducts experiments on whether people accepted explanations about psychological phenomena with neuroscientific information more satisfying than explanation without any neuroscientific information. The goal of this experiment was to see if neuroscience explanations have any effects on people’s rating of how satisfying they found good and bad explanations in general and those with or without neuroscientific information. The board question is why is cognitive neuroscience information so interesting to the public? Are people capable o f judging good explanations from bad explanations of psychological phenomena? The specific question is that, is people s fascination with cognitive neuroscience associated with explanations that involve neuropsychological component? Does the addition of neuroscience information to phenomena affect people s judgment of good and bad explanations?Show MoreRelatedPsychological Phenomena And Its Effects On The Perception Of Psychology Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesPrevious research has found that the presence of irrelevant neuroscience information seems to pique the interest of the public when added to explanations of psychological phenomena. This effect of interfering with people’s ability to identify logical explanations from illogical ones does not seem to work when information from other sciences is added. We test this hypothesis by giving 340 undergraduate introductory psychology students some explanations of psychological phenomena that were from each of theRead MoreThe Effect Of Scientific Information On The Explanation Of Psychological Phenomena Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch has shown the effect of neuroscience information in the explanation of psychological phenomena. This study aimed to replicate such findings and what effects other superfluous scientific information had on the perceived quality of explanations. 340 university students were instructed to read and evaluate a brief description on a psychological phenomenon followed by explanation of varying quality and superfluous information of various types. Good explanations were rated with a significantlyRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pageswork and his drive for achievement†. †¢ E.g. In 1980s, two chemists claimed they had performed controlled nuclear fusion in a test tube. (energy woes solved?) But they had not performed the tests properly. †¢ E.g. Simon Shorvon (National Neuroscience Institute Chief) putting Parkinson’s disease patients through tests without informing them †¢ E.g. Tuskegee experiment (1932-1972) African American men given syphilis intentionally and monitored. Penicillin discovered then but not administered

Beyonce Feminism Essay Example For Students

Beyonce Feminism Essay Word Count: 1614Even in todays growing world of , young girls, as well as grown women, are being taught by the media to organize their lives around men. Their needs, expectations, work schedules, ideas, and interests become second to the men in their lives. All too often the media associates power and status to men, only to strengthen the barriers between the male and female genders. Take for example Hollywood, where women get only about a third of all movie and TV roles, and last year earned less than male actors in all age categories (Eby, 1). And even though gender should not be used as the determining factor of what one can and cannot do, Hollywood, as well as everywhere else, has proven that the old habits of gender discrimination die hard, if at all. Luckily, there exist screenwriters and filmmakers who arent afraid to step outside the limitations of gender, stirring up some controversy. Callie Khouri, creator of Thelma and Louise is the exception to this rule. Awarded Best Original Screenplay, the film challenges our preconceived notions of gender limitations by giving a feminine twist to a pair of all too familiar Hollywood genres, the road picture and the buddy picture(NY Times, 1991). The road and buddy movie usually calls for men in the lead roles, whereas Thelma and Louise called for Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon. A film such as this one allowed for two women to get into dangerous trouble, enjoy themselves, and unmask the other sex; actions normally reserved for men (NY Times, 1991). According to Ms. Khouri, the script of Thelma and Louise was infact, a conscious effort to counter what she sees as Hollywoods tendency to limit womens roles to easily identifiable types such as bimbos, whores, and nagging wives(NY Times, 1991). She therefore uses the characters in the movie not so much to prove a point, but instead to make a point. At the same time that Ms. Khouri is making her point, the movie becomes somewhat of a catharsis for women. Thelma and Louise is supposed to be about what every woman knows(Eby,4). Though rape is a major issue that is used in the movie, it is not supposed to be the only issue women relate to. The general comparison between the women on screen and the women in the audience should be the feeling of at one time or another having been threatened, having been treated as inferior, or having found oneself in situations where a womans voice is never louder than a mans. One example of a cathartic, yet controversial scene would be that in which Louise kills Thelmas assailant, Harlan. This scene itself carries a great deal of symbolism. Harlan, the rapist who is eventually shot, becomes a representation of all things that hold women back. He becomes the wall which holds back women from fulfilling their wishes, ambitions, pleasures, and impulses(NY Times, 1991). Thelma is who we are, a prisoner behind this wall and Louise is who we want to become. .. the prisoner who breaks free and confronts those who held her back. Another cathartic scene is that in which Thelma and Louise confront the truck driver who has been harassing them the entire distance of their road trip. That truck driver is someone almost every woman has dealt with at some time or another. There is not a woman in the world who has not dealt with that guy. He is out there in force, but when youre walking down the street and guys do that, what youre supposed to do as a woman is ignore it(LA Times, 1991). After ignoring the truck driver throughout most of the movie, Thelma and Louise take a stand, not only for themselves but also for all the women who have wished they could say something back, but havent for whatever reason it may be. .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 , .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .postImageUrl , .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 , .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931:hover , .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931:visited , .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931:active { border:0!important; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931:active , .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931 .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufdaf955e47a2f95148e1ecd9c54eb931:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Raisin In The Sun Essay Prompts All the suppressed emotions and unsaid words of both the woman on screen and those sitting in the audience manifest themselves into an explosion which blows up the truck drivers sense of power not to mention the truck itself. Feminism has often been confused with male-bashing, as is the case with the motivation behind Thelma and Louise. According to Ms. Khouri, its none of these things(LA Times, 1991). The movie is a role reversal which gives women the opportunity to shine in the lead role, a concept which seems to make the male population uneasy. For those who claim that the movie is a chick revenge flick, Ms. Khouri adds, you cant do a movie without villains(LA Times, 1991). In this case, the villains happen to be of the male gender. It is the male characters in the movie which make our leading ladies who they are and who they later turn out to be. These men who either desire, fear, hate, or need these women become somewhat of a motivation to break free from their current situations. The movie seems to use the premise that woman will never be totally free from men, except as we see, possibly in death. Throughout the movie, the male characters never give up trying to control, exploit, punish or save Thelma and Louise. Watching the movie, it is important to note how each man, one after the other, pursues these women and will not them go. Not even Hal, the one man who seems to understand Thelma and Louise, can let them go. He cant help but feel the need to save the two woman, even as he chases their car as Louise floors it and the 66 T-Bird sails out over the edge of the Canyonlands Cliff(Eby, 2). Though the movie is about two women finding themselves, it is the men surrounding them who define their roles. Darryl, Thelmas husband is just one example. Thelma, when introduced to the audience resembles somewhat of a naive, helpless child going away on her own for the first time. She has apparently never gone away without Darryl and she cant even bring herself to tell him that she is going away for the weekend. As Louise puts it, Darryl who is like the parent rather a husband, defines Thelmas role. For Christ sake, Thelma is he your husband or your father? Its just two days. .. Dont be a child. Darryls role as the domineering and protective husband/father figure has created the Thelma introduced to us in the beginning of the movie; he has also helped create the Thelma which we the audience have come to grow with and identify with at the end of he movie. Another important aspect of the movie is the transformation which both women undergo. In order to intensify the significance of the final transformation, it is important to note how the two women are introduced. Note that in the beginning of the movie, Thelma is introduced to the audience as a somewhat wacky, small town Arkansas housewife, under the thumb of a chauvinistic husband(LA Times, 1991). She is presented as young and pretty with wild hair and skimpy outfits. As we see in the packing scene in which she prepares for her weekend getaway, she is cluttered, wrinkled, and unorganized. Louise on the other hand is a strong-willed coffee shop waitress who seemingly has everything under control(LA Times, 1991). She is incredibly neat and organized, wears boring clothes compared to Thelma, and has tamed hair. As the audience watches her in the packing scene, we notice that she packs her sneakers into a Ziplock bag and washes the lone dirty glass in the sink before heading off. .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a , .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .postImageUrl , .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a , .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a:hover , .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a:visited , .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a:active { border:0!important; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a:active , .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5609af9833f00a9e65d2ff34f004d97a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Immigration Argumentative Essay..(Eby, 2). Unlike Thelma, Louise understands men well enough to know when to hate them (Harlan, the rapist), to fear them, to suspect them (JD, the hitchhiker), to love them (Jimmy, her boyfriend), and to respect them (Hal, the detective). Throughout the movie, the roles slowly seem to reverse. Louise had been the one in charge and in control, but slowly she begins to snap under the pressure. In one particular scene, the role reversal becomes most obvious to the audience. Louise finds out that Thelma has left JD alone in her hotel room with the money which Jimmy had brought them. By the time the girls make it back to the room, JD and the money are long gone. Louise comes to the realization that the control she once possessed has now escaped her. Thelma, who watches as her friend crumbles before her eyes, realizes that she needs to break free from her child-like persona and take control of the situation. Thelma takes on a new sense of responsibility and maturity. She gives Louise a chance to finally let her guard down. This is a movie about the adventures of women, and thats rare. And that really sad that its rare and we cant think of another movie like this(LA Times, 1991). Thelma and Louise was a movie written and produced to give women an opportunity to finally tell their story in a society where the media is all too often dominated by males. This was an opportunity to move females from the roles of girlfriend and side interest into the leading role. It is no longer about a mans experiences and a mans adventures.

The English and Russian Idea of Good Manners free essay sample

Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Prove your point of view. Good manners are important across the globe, but that doesnt mean they are the same all over the world. The rules of politeness vary greatly all over the world, from country to country everywhere. Once we read the article about Marta Ingram, who was English and her Russian husband, Alexander. When she first met Alexander and he said to her, in Russian, Naley mne tchai — pour me some tea. She got angry and answered, Pour it yourself. Translated into English, without a Could you?.. and a please, it sounded really rude to her. But in Russian it was fine — you dont have to add any polite words. However, when she took Alexander home to meet her parents in the UK, she had to give him an intensive course in â€Å"pleases† and â€Å"thank yous† (which he thought was completely unnecessary), and to teach him to say sorry even if someone else steps on his foot, and to smile, smile, smile. We will write a custom essay sample on The English and Russian Idea of Good Manners or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another thing which Alexander just couldnt understand was why people said things like, Would you mind passing me the salt, please? He said, Its only the salt, for goodness sake! What do you say if you want a real favour? He watched in amazement when at a dinner party in England they had to eat some really disgusting food and she said, Mmm delicious. In Russia people are much more direct. The first time Alexanders mother came to their house for dinner in Moscow, she told Marta that her soup needed some flavouring. After that when they argued about it Alexander said, Do you prefer your guest to lie? Alexander complained that in England he felt like a village idiot, because in Russia if you smile all the time people think that you are mad. In fact, this is exactly what her husbands friends thought of her the first time she went to Russia because she smiled at everyone, and translated every please and thank you from English into Russian. At home they now have an agreement, if they are speaking Russian, they can say Pour me some tea. But when they are speaking English he has to add a please, a thank you, and a smile.

The Rise of Nationalist Movements essays

The Rise of Nationalist Movements essays In the rise of nationalist movements and modern nation-states in the 20th century, women are actively participating in the movement for liberation. Throughout the world, much of the liberation of former European colonies and creation of new states stemmed from the active role women took in the struggle for independence. The documents included in this question relate to how the role of women has changed and how it has stayed the same. In the documents, women of different nations individually speak out on issues such as equality, social responsibility, and the traditional cultural views on women. One group of documents - #1, #4 – relates the view that the participation of women in their country's liberation enables them to achieve equality in their standing with men. According to "An Indian Freedom Fighter Recalls Her Life," (#1) Manmohini Zutshi Saghal recalls that the satyagraha, the nonviolent resistance approach developed by Gandhi, included women and thus allowed them to participate in processions and Congressional meetings. Teodora Ignacia Gomes (#4) of the African Party for Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde in 1974 makes clear that women need to participate in the national struggle for independence in order to achieve their self liberation. Manmohini, a participant in the Indian struggle for independence, portrays the role of Indian women as restricted before the movement of 1930 – 1932. The success of the satyagraha lay in the fact that Indian women were allowed to participate in the liberation movement of India. The traditional cultural gender role of women was to stay home, except to visit relatives or attend religious festivals. For women, the opportunity to "leave their homes and walk in a procession was a big step forward." Teodora Ignacia Gomes argues the point that women need to participate in constructing a society free of exploitation so that they are liberated from the bonds traditional ge...

SiRNA and miRNA Essay Example

SiRNA and miRNA Essay Example SiRNA and miRNA Essay SiRNA and miRNA Essay SiRNA (small interfering RNA) belongs to a class of 20-25 nucleotide-long and double-stranded RNA molecules. It is known that siRNA plays important role in biological processes. For example, it is involved in the interference of RNA pathway and is responsible for expression of a specific gene there. Additionally, its role is to act in RNAi-related pathway. It means that siRNA acts as antiviral mechanism shaping the chromatin structure of a genome. It is necessary to admit that siRNA has a well defined structure. It is a short double-strand of RNA having overhangs on both ends. SiRNA’s strands have 5’ phosphate group and 3’ hydroxyl group. Biologists claim that siRNA’s structure results from the processing by dicer (i.e. enzyme being responsible for converting long dsRNAs and small hairpin RNAs into siRNAs). Transfection methods are involved to make siRNAs be introduced into cells with the purpose to cause knockdown of a gene of interest. Therefore, siRNA p lays important role in gene expressions and validation of drug target. First siRNA was discovered as a past of â€Å"post-transcriptional gene silencing†, whereas miRNA was discovered as a part of primary microRNA   Comparing siRNA and miRNA, siRNA is a short inferring RNA being generated mostly in vitro or can be synthesized, whereas miRNA is a short double-stranded RNA molecule resulted from dicing long pre-miRNA molecules. Actually, miRNA differs from siRNA as it is obtained from single-stranded RNA precursors. Additionally, in contrast to siRNA, miRNA shows only partial complementary to mRNA targets. MirNA is known to perform wide range of functions; especially it is responsible for cell growth and adoptosis as well as for cell development, insulin secretion and neuronal remodeling. MiRNAs are implicated in diseases. Both siRNA and miRNA are able to regulate expression of a specific gene, though miRNA regulates it at the level of translational inhibition. Finally, it is admitted that miRNA can also guide mRNA in a similar way to siRNA. Loewenstein, Werner. Molecular Information, Cell Communication, and the Foundations of Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Criminal law problem question Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal law problem question - Case Study Example . . so as the party wounded, or hurt, et cetera, die of the wound or hurt, et cetera, within a year and a day after the same." In order for Eve to have the actus reus required for murder or manslaughter in the events in question, she must have voluntarily and unlawfully committed an act or omission that caused, with no intervening act or event, the death of Brian, Fred and/or Ginger. Firstly, the act or omission of the accused must have been voluntary (Hill v Baxter). This means that the accused must be 'of sound memory'. For example, if the accused drives their car off the road and hits a pedestrian, killing them, during an epileptic fit, this would make the act involuntary, as the accused was not 'of sound memory'. An involuntary act is also one that is being forced upon the accused. For instance, if a loaded gun is being held to the head of the accused and the person wielding the gun threatens to shoot the accused if he or she does not perform the act, this act is involuntary. The voluntary act committed by the accused must also be unlawful. In the case of murder or manslaughter, justifiable homicide is one committed in self-defence or in the defence of another. Other justifiable homicides exist when the killing was committed in war or in the prevention of the commission of a crime (eg: a police officer shooting a bank robber). Therefore, the voluntary act must have been committed under none of the aforementioned justifiable situations. It needs to be done unlawfully. Most importantly, an act must have been committed. An act is a bodily movement, such as the exertion of energy or force that produces an effect. An act includes an omission in the case of manslaughter. However, an omission can only be considered as part of the actus reus if the accused owed a duty of care to the victim and breached that duty by failing to act. A duty of care may arise in the following cases - when the accused is the carer of a child or dependant; when the accused is the cause of the danger; when the accused has already assumed a responsibility of a duty of care; and, when the accused fails to get medical help. The voluntary, unlawful act must have caused the death of the victim. Causation is a necessary condition for any form of homicide. The element of causation can be deduced using the 'but for test' - 'But for' not having acted, the death would not have occurred (Smith v Hogan). However, the action or omission must not only have contributed to the death but must be a sufficiently substantial and operating cause and have not been interrupted by an intervening act by a third party or event (novus actus interveniens). A novus actus interveniens breaks the chain of causation. When the chain of causation is broken, the accused cannot be held accountable for the death of the victim. However, this novus actus interveniens must not be a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the initial act or omission of the accused. Any act or event which is a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the initial act or omission of the accused does not break the chain of causation. When the above mentioned elements of a crime are satisfied, this constitutes the actus reus for murder (except in the case of omission, when it can only be manslaughter). In the following cases, the victims Brian, Fred and Ginger, are all fatally injured in the course of events that implicate Eve for murder or manslaughter. Brian In order for Eve to have the